A pneumatic rotary actuator consists of
several key components that work together to provide rotational motion. The
main components include:
Cylinder: This is the housing that contains
the actuator's internal components. It is usually made of durable materials
like aluminum or stainless steel to withstand the pressure of the pneumatic
system. The cylinder has ports for the inlet and outlet of compressed air,
which drive the actuator's movement.
Piston: Located inside the cylinder, the
piston is connected to the rotary output shaft. When compressed air is supplied
to the cylinder, it pushes the piston, which in turn rotates the output shaft.
The piston is sealed to prevent air leakage, ensuring efficient operation.
Rack and Pinion Mechanism: In many
pneumatic rotary actuators, a rack and pinion mechanism is used to convert the
linear motion of the piston into rotational motion. The rack, which is a
toothed bar connected to the piston, engages with the pinion, a gear attached
to the output shaft. As the piston moves linearly, the rack drives the pinion,
causing the output shaft to rotate.
Spring (Optional): Some pneumatic rotary
actuators are equipped with a spring. The spring is used to return the actuator
to a default position when the air pressure is removed, providing a fail - safe
mechanism. For example, in a spring - return actuator, the spring will push the
piston back to its original position, rotating the output shaft accordingly.
Seals and Bearings: Seals are used to
prevent air leakage between the cylinder and the piston, as well as at other
connection points. Bearings support the rotation of the output shaft, reducing
friction and ensuring smooth operation. High - quality seals and bearings are
essential for the actuator's reliability and longevity.
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