Factors Determining Pneumatic Actuator Torque Output

The torque output of a pneumatic rotary valve actuator is determined by multiple factors:

Actuator Design

Rack-and-pinion actuators offer consistent torque throughout the stroke.

Scotch yoke types generate higher torque at stroke endpoints.

Larger pistons/cylinders increase torque via greater air pressure contact area.

Torque is directly proportional to supply pressure (higher PSI/bar yields more force).

Quarter-turn valves (ball, butterfly) require varying torque levels.

Breakaway torque often exceeds running torque.

Media pressure, viscosity, and seal tightness impact resistance.

Tight seals or worn components increase mechanical losses.

Reduces effective torque delivered to valve stem.

Spring-return actuators sacrifice primary-direction torque for spring power.

Safety factor (typically 1.5x) accounts for unexpected loads.

Note: Proper torque calculation must consider all these factors to ensure reliable valve operation and prevent actuator undersizing.

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